Research on Green Gross Domestic Product Accounting Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation Model

Abstract

Traditional gross domestic product ignores environmental and resource costs, making it difficult to reflect the sustainability of economic activities. This study constructs a green GDP accounting model based on the United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, integrating resource consumption, environmental degradation losses, and pollution control costs. It quantifies the economic impact on the environment through 12 indicators. Using a green restoration rate model and the analytic hierarchy process, it assesses the potential for global climate mitigation using rainfall, greenhouse gas emissions, sea level, and biodiversity as indicators. Weighted analysis shows that biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions have the greatest impact. Based on data from 2015 to 2023, the study uses China as a case study to combine climate impact models and entropy analysis in examining the multidimensional impacts of green GDP, with results showing that the environmental dimension holds the highest weighting at 39.2% and a projected 4.3% reduction in fossil fuel consumption over the next five years.. The study validates the application value of green GDP in global and Chinese climate mitigation efforts, providing scientific basis for optimizing resource allocation and formulating environmental policies, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals.